One of the more powerful feature of Ruby is adding a modules methods to an existing class using either extend and include. For example:

module Sortable
  extend ActiveSupport::Concern

  included do
    scope (:ordered), -> { order(:priority) }

    def self.sort(params)
      self.transaction do
        params.each_with_index do |id, index|
          self.find(id).update(priority: index.next)
        end
      end
    end
  end

end

class Task < ActiveRecord::Base
  include Sortable
end

rails console

Task.sort([1,3,2])
  # BEGIN
  # UPDATE tasks SET priority = 1 WHERE id = 1;
  # UPDATE tasks SET priority = 2 WHERE id = 3;
  # UPDATE tasks SET priority = 3 WHERE id = 2;
  # COMMIT

Similar functionality is also available in JavaScript / CoffeeScript, but requires a bit of setup.

Setup

To get started create the following file mixins/base/mixin.js.coffee:

App.Mixin =

  extend: (mixin) ->
    for key, value of mixin when key not in ['extend','include']
      @[key] = value
    mixin.extended?.apply(@)
    return @

  include: (mixin) ->
    for key, value of mixin when key not in ['extend','include']
      @::[key] = value
    mixin.included?.apply(@)
    return @

This 'mixin' can be added with Underscore JS using extend to Backbone routers, models, collections, or views:

class App.Router extends Backbone.Router
  present: (view) ->
    App.view.remove() if App.view?
    App.view = view
    $('#container').html(view.el)
    view.render()

_.extend App.Router, App.Mixins

class App.View extends Backbone.View
_.extend App.View, App.Mixins

class App.Model extends Backbone.Model
_.extend App.Model, App.Mixins

class App.Collection extends Backbone.Collection
_.extend App.Collection, App.Mixins

Example

Now that the extend and include methods have been added to our basic models, collections and views they can be used to extract out common code. To start create a basic task app by:

Adding app/assets/javascripts/application/models/task.js.coffee:

class App.Models.Task extends App.Model
  defaults:
    notes: null

  url: -> if @id? then "/tasks/#{@id}" else "/tasks"

Then app/assets/javascripts/application/routers/tasks.js.coffee:

class App.Routers.Tasks extends App.Router
  routes:
    "tasks/new" : "new"

  new: ->
    model = new App.Models.Tasks
    view = new App.Views.Tasks.New(model: model)
    view.present()

Then app/assets/javascripts/application/views/tasks/new.js.coffee:

class App.Views.Tasks.New extends App.View
  template: HanldebarsTemplates['tasks/new']

  render: ->
    @$el.html(@template())

Then app/assets/javascripts/application/templates/tasks/new.hamlbars:

%form
  .alert
  .field.notes
    %input{ type: 'text', name: 'notes' }
    .error
  %button.save Save
  %span.processing{ style: 'display:none' } ...

At this point a form helper can be added app/assets/javascripts/application/helpers/form.js.coffee:

class App.Helpers.Form

  constructor: (view) ->
    @view = view

  $: (selector) ->
    @view.$(selector)

  submit: ->
    @process() unless @processing()

  process: ->
    @reset()
    unless @save()
      for field, message of @model.errors
        @$(".#{field} .error").text(message)
    return

  reset: ->
    @$('.error').empty()
    @$('.processing').show()
    return

  save: ->
    @view.model.save @parameters(),
      success: _.bind(@success, @)
      error: _.bind(@error, @)

  parameters: ->
    parameters = {}
    for attr in @view.attrs
      parameters[attr] = @$("[name='#{attr}']").val()
    return parameters

  success: (model, response, options) ->
    @$('.processing').hide()
    @$('.alert').text("Hurrah, your changes have been saved!")
    return

  error: (model, response, options) ->
    @$('.processing').hide()
    @$('.alert').text("Whoops, it looks like something went wrong!")
    return

  processing: ->
    @$('.processing').is(":visible")

Finally the mixin can be added app/assets/javascripts/application/mixins/form.js.coffee:

App.Mixins.Form =

  events:
    'submit': 'submit'

  submit: (event) ->
    event.preventDefault()
    event.stopPropagation()
    new App.Helpers.Form(@).submit()
    return

Now the view can be modified to include the mixin app/assets/javascripts/application/views/tasks/new.js.coffee:

class App.Views.Tasks.New extends App.View
  @include App.Mixins.Form
  template: HandlebarsTemplates['tasks/new']
  attrs: ['notes']

  render: ->
    @$el.html(@template())

And that's it! For every subsequent form that is added to the project all that needs to be done is include the App.Mixins.Form.

Caveats

Mixins are fantastic, but do come with a few caveats. In this example, the majority of code was extracted into a helper (breaking the Law of Demeter). However, this is a common practice for mixins to fully encapsulate functionality. This also ensures that the objects prototype isn't polluted and provides a form of name spacing to the helper methods.

Kevin Sylvestre

Mixins With Backbone Using CoffeeScript and JavaScript When Integrating With Rails

Setup

Example

Caveats